定语从句高考题(高考英语语法:高中英语语法)

2024-04-09 13:22:35

《高中英语语法-定语从句的种类和用法》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。

定语从句的种类和用法

用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词

句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句

代替人 代替物代替人或物

主语 Who which that

主语 Whomwhich that

宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)

例1:This is the detective who came from London.

例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.

例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.

例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.

2.关系代词的用法

(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which.例如:

All the people that are present burst into tears.

(2)如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which,who,或whom.例如:

(3)非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:

There are about seven million people taking part in the election,most of whom、are well educated.

(4)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人。例如:

He succeeded in the competition,which made his parents very happy.

(5)that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。

(6)which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征。品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。

(7)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who.

(8)先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that.例如:

The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

(9)如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom,不用which.例如:

Is there anyone here who will go with you?

3.?介词+关系代词?是一个普遍使用的结构

(1)?介词+关系代词?可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。?介词+关系代词?结构中的介词可以是 in,on,about,from,for,with,to at,of,without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用that .

(2)from where为?介词+关系副词?结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如:

We stood at the top of the hill,from where we can see the town?

(3)像listen to,look at,depend on,pay attention to,take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:

This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句

关系副词在从句中分别表示时间。地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。

2. that可引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因

That有时可以代替关系副词 when,where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因,在 that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1.二者差异比较

限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词。关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。

2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语。宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。

3.先行词与定语从句隔离

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如:

1)This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about

2)He was the only person in this country who was invited

四、As在定语从句中的用法

1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

(1)as多与such 或the same连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

(2)as 也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which.例如:

The elephant's nose is like a snake,as anybody can see.

(3)the same? that与 the same ?as在意思上是不同的。

2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置

as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面。中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如:

(1)As is expected,the England team won the football match.

(2)The earth runs around the sun,as is known by everyone. 《高中英语语法-定语从句的种类和用法》由liuxue86.com我整理

三道英语定语从句题,求解题思路!!!!!!!!!!!!

I have seen trees, __c___ open at sunrise and close at sunset.

A. which the leaves B. of which the leaves C. whose leaves D. its leaves

答案是C,那C可以的话B为什么不行?

这几道题目是我从网上下载的课件,对照答案后,我感觉似乎是答案出错了?请各位朋友帮帮忙

答:答案没错,是出题有误。

其实这题作为非限制性定语从句来造句是不妥的。I have seen trees.一句的意思是不完整的,后面一定要加上一个限制性的定语(从句)才意思完整:我见过叶子日出日落闭的树。

如果没有这个逗号,确实是用C较好:I have seen trees whose leaves open at sunrise and close at sunset.

但用B也是正确的:I have seen trees of which the leaves open at sunrise and close at sun set.

还有一种方式是:the leaves of which...., 这种结构多用于非限制性定语从句,用在这里,两个名词紧挨在一起,感觉不是很好:I have seen trees the leaves of which open at sunrise and close at sunset.

这题可能出题者疏忽了,B项本来应改是:of which leaves, 这样答案就是唯一的了。

16题问不在关系代词上,而在从句的主谓一致上。

31题:put sth.+somewhere , 这个somewhere是副词性的,可以是介词短语,也可以是副词性从句。这里只有where能引导副词词从句,而in/at which都是用来引导定语从句的。

53. Is it that museum ____A____ they’d like to visit during their trip to Japan?

A. that B. which C. where D. as

为什么B不可以选呢?

答:这题出得比较好。

译:他们很想在去日本旅行期间参观的就是那家博物馆。

析:限制性定语从句的先行词前不用指示代词this ,that,而用the,尽管翻译成汉语时有“。。。的那个、这个。。。”的意思。因为指示代词就是用手指着说的。而限制性定语从句是不用手指,而用一个与从不同特征让人明白讲的是何物,何人,何事。

如本题将这个that改为the,则会产生歧义和争议。

如改为the museum, 则ABC都通,AB时,后为限制性定语从句,就有上文指出it是什么。如:Look at the building. It is the musuem (that/which).....

选C为强调句型已经说过了。

第一题:A. 考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句,强调九个月的中的226天,整体部分关系,使用介词of。

如何判断介词呢?

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词既可以留在原来的位置上,也可以置于关系代词之前,与关系代词共同引导定语从句。当关系代词用到介词后的时候,如果指物用which,指人用whom, 且不能省略,即:介词+which/whom。关系代词之前究竟选用什么介词,可以从以下方面判断。

(1)与先行词的搭配

①The city (which/that) I live in is a beautiful one. = The city in which I live is a beautiful one.

2.The boy (who/whom/that) you talked with is my brother. = The boy with whom you talked is my brother.

(2)固定词组搭配中

①This is the book (which/that) I am looking forward to. = This is the book to which I am looking forward.

②We’ll visit the Mountain Tai, for which Shandong is famous in the world. (be famous for)

注: 若定语从句中的动词为含有介词的短语动词,如果介词提前,失去词组的含义,那么介词不提前。

 例如:That is the book which she was looking for. 此句中for不提前,因为提前后look(看)失去look for(寻找)的含义。其中 先行词为nine months,

3. of 表示整体和部分的关系

There are 66 students in the class, most of whom are from the countryside.

还可以表示。。。的

如:I lost a book, the title of which I can’t remember now.

= I lost a book, of which the title I can’t remember now.

= I lost a book, whose title I can’t remember now.

第二题 B。 There was a time when...曾经有一段时间…… 先行词 a time 在从句从充当时间状语,用when 引导定语从句。

第三题 D 此题为高考题。 先行词 chairs, 在从句中充当状语 in the chairs, 表地点,故用where,还可以使用in which。

回答晚了,希望对你有帮助。

不清楚可以追问哦。

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