代词高考(高考英语语法：反身代词的句法功能)

高考英语语法：反身代词的句法功能

　1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末)。如：

The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。

You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。

2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)。如：

Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。

She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。

3. 用作表语。如：

The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。

有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态。如：

I’m not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。

I’ll be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。

4. 用作主语。在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部)，以及用于某些特殊结构(如as...as等)。如：

My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。

Jim’s sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。

He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。

高考英语语法： 直接引语变间接引语代词与动词的变化

高考英语阅读七选五是一种难度较高的题型。完形填空考的是填词，而阅读七选五考的是填句。考生做这种题型时不仅要考虑上下文的连贯性，而且要应对两个多余的干扰项的影响。这两个干扰项通常被设计得与正确选项非常接近，容易混淆考生的判断。

高考英语阅读七选五强调上下文连贯性。这种连贯体现在句子、段落在衔接时会使用逻辑连接词、代词等。

本文主要分析的是代词指代现象。这种题型在2019年全国1、2、3卷均出现，但是更早以前则出现的次数较少。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）七选五第40题

原文如下：

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?

We all grew up hearing ?people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.”36 ?According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.

?37 If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.

Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）.38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood（情绪）.Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.

40 While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.

选项

A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.

B. So what are you waiting for?

C. Being in nature refreshes us.

D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?

F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.

G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.

这篇文章主题是关于新鲜空气的益处。去户外不只意味着呼吸新鲜空气，有助于清肺；多看自然景物也有助于调节情绪，保持好心情；同时户外的阳光也有益处，有助于补充维生素D。

其中，第40题的空格设置在段首。段首设空通常意味着填进去的句子要能承上启下，尤其是概括本段中心。分析本文结构可知，首段的作用主要是引入话题，而后面几段是分别列举去户外呼吸新鲜空气的好处，属于总分结构。在列举了清肺、调节心情等好处之后，最后一个好处是通过适当的日晒补充维生素D，因此第40题的空格要能够承上启下，从上面的好处过渡到最后一个好处。D选项的another side benefit即“另一个附带好处”可以起来这个作用。

答案

36. E

37. A

38. G

39. C

40. D

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II）39题

Imagine a child standing?on?a?diving board?four?feet high?and asking himself?the?question:“Should?I jump?This is?what motivation or the?lack of?it can?do.?Motivation?and goal setting?are the two sides of same coin. 36 ?Like the child on ?the ?diving ?board, you will stay?undecided.

37 ?More?than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the?goal?First,?you need to evaluate yourself ,?your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc.?Only then?should your you’re your?goals

You also?need?to?judge the?quality and depth of your motivation. This is?quite?important, because it?is directly?related to?your?commitment.?There are?times when your heart?is not?in?your work. ?38 So, slow down?and?think what you?really want to do at that moment. Clarity（清晰）of thoughts can help you move forward.

Another?way?of?setting?realistic goals?is?to?analyze?your?short?and?long?term?objectives, keeping?in?mind?your?beliefs,?values?and?strengths. Remember?that?goals?are?flexible.39 They?also?need?to?be?measurable. You?must?keep?these?points?in?mind?while?setting?your?goals.

Your?personal?circumstances?are?equally?important. For?example,?you?may?want?to?be?a?Pilot?but?can’t?become?one?because?your?eyesight is?not?good?enough.40 ?You?should reassess?your?goals,?and?motivate?yourself?to?set?a?fresh?goal.

You?will?surely?need?to?overcome?some?difficulties, some?planned,?but?most?unplanned. You?cannot?overcome?them?without?ample?motivation. Make?sure?that?you?plan?for?these?difficulties?at?the?time?of?setting?your?goals.

选项

A. This can affect your work.

B. So how should you motivate yourself?

C. However, this should not discourage you.

D. So why should we try to set specific goals?

E. They can change according to circumstances.

F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.

G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it

这篇文章是关于遇到多个选择时，人们容易因为犹豫不决，于是没有采取任何行动。本文分析了这种现象，并给出了多个建议。

其中第39题属于段中设空。段中设空通常需要填充的句子能与前后句衔接。仔细品读本段，

Another?way?of?setting?realistic goals?is?to?analyze?your?short?and?long?term?objectives, keeping?in?mind?your?beliefs,?values?and?strengths. Remember?that?goals?are?flexible.39 They?also?need?to?be?measurable. You?must?keep?these?points?in?mind?while?setting?your?goals.

前句的意思是“另一种设置现实目标的方法是分析你的长短期目标，记住你的信仰、价值观和强项。记住这些目标是灵活的。”

后句的意思是“他们也应该可测量。设置目标时，你必须记住这些要点。”

那么做题时应该注意几个要点。第一，这里的“他们”指的是什么呢？ 根据上下文，这个“他们”应该是指目标。第二，在意思上，因为前句提到了目标是“灵活”的，后句提到了“也应该可测量”，那么中间这个空的句子应该也是指目标的特征，并且应该能跟前句的意思保持统一，因为后句的“也”意味着已经切换入另一个意思。综上所述，此空应该包含要点，第一是目标的复数，第二是“灵活”的近义词。各选项中只有E选项“他们能根据环境而改变”是符合这两个要求的。

答案

36.G

37.B

38.A

39.E

40.C

大家在留言区写下自己的答案吧！

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷III）38题

In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.

Do's

?37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.

?Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 38 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.

Don'ts

?Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39 ?

?Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class.?40 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern?about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.

A. That's what they are for.

B. Turn to an online instructor for help.

C. If more information is needed, they will ask.

D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.

E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.

F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.

G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.

答案

36. E

37. G

38. A

39. C

40. F

高考英语语法：直接引语变间接引语代词与动词的变化

　一、代词的变化

　在直接引语变为间接引语时，有些代词也要作相应的变化，如指示代词this和these通常变为that和those。同时人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等也要根据具体情况作出合理的调整。如：

　He said, “This is my seat.” 他说。如：“这是我的座位。”

　→He said that that was his seat. 他说那是他的座位。

　“I can look after myself.” she said. 她说。如：“我能照顾自己。”

　→She said that she could look after herself. 她说他能照顾自己。

　若场所和地点不发生改变，this和that也可以不变。

　二、动词的变化

　直接引语变为间接引语时，有个别动词也可能需要改变，如come改为go，bring改为take等。如：

　“He will come today.” she said. 她说。如：“他今天会来。”

　→She said that he would go that day. 她说他那天会去。

　若地点和场所未发生改变，come和bring等也可不变。